Publications

1990

1994

Smith, G. L., N. Manalo-Smith and L. M. Avis 1994: Limb-Darkening Models Derived from Alongtrack Operation of the ERBE Scanning Radiometer, J. of Applied Meteorology, 33, No. 1, 74-84 (1994).

1995

1996

Green, R.N., and P. O'R. Hinton, 1996: Estimation of angular distribution models from radiance pairs. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 16,951-16,959 (1996).

Loeb, N.G., and R. Davies, 1996: Observational evidence of plane parallel model biases: The apparent dependence of cloud optical depth on solar zenith angle. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1621-1634 (1996).

1997

Chambers, Lin H., B. A. Wielicki, and K. F. Evans, 1997: "Independent Pixel and Two Dimensional Estimates of LANDSAT-Derived Cloud Field Albedo," J. Atm. Sciences, 54, No. 11, 1525-1532 (1997). [PDF]

Kato, S., T. P. Ackerman, E. E. Clothiaux, J. H. Mather, G. G. Mace, M. L. Wesely, F. Murcray, and J. Michalsky, 1997: Uncertainties in modeled and measured clear-sky surface irradiances, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 25881-25898 (1997).

Loeb, N.G., T. Varnai, and R.Davies, 1997: The effect of cloud inhomogeneities on the solar zenith an gle dependence of nadir reflectance, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 9387-9395 (1997).

Loeb, N.G., and R. Davies, 1997: Angular dependence of observed refelctance: A comparison with plane parallel theory, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6865-6881 (1997).

Loeb, N.G., 1997: In flight calibration of NOAA-AVHRR visible and near-IR bands over Greenland and Antarctica.
Int. J. Remote Sens., 18.3, 477-490 (1997).

1998

Loeb, N.G, T. Varnai, and D.M. Winker, 1998: Influence of sub-pixel scale cloud-top structure on reflectances from overcast stratiform cloud layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2960-2973 (1998). [PDF]

Loeb, N.G., and J.A. Coakley, Jr., 1998: Inference of marine stratus cloud optical depths from satell ite measurements: Does 1D theory apply? J. Climate, 11, 215-233 (1998). [PDF]

Manalo-Smith, N., G. L. Smith, S. Tiwari and W.F. Staylor 1998: Analytic Forms of Bidirectional Reflectance Functions for Application to Earth Radiation Budget Studies, J. Geophys. Res., 103, No. D16, 19733-19751 (1998).

1999

Chambers, Lin H., Bruce R. Barkstrom, and G. Louis Smith, 1999: "Degrees of Freedom of Anisotropic Functions for Non-Plane-Parallel Clouds," EOS Transactions, 80, No. 17 (1999).

Kato, S., T. P. Ackerman, J. H. Mather, and E. E. Clothiaux, 1999: The k-distribution method and co rrelated-k approximation for a Shortwave Radiative Transfer Model, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 62, 109-121 (1999).

Kato, S., T. P. Ackerman, E. G. Dutton, N. Laulainen, and N. Larson, 1999: A comparison of modeled an d measured surface shortwave irradiance for a molecular atmosphere, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 61, 493-502 (1999).

Loeb, N.G., P.O'R. Hinton, and R.N. Green, 1999: Top-of-atosphere albedo estimation from angular distribution models: a comparison between two approaches. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 31, 255-260 (1999).

Satheesh, S.K., V. Ramanathan, X. Li-Jones, J.M. Lobert, I.A. Podgorny, J.M. Prospero, B.N. Holben and N.G. Loeb, 1999: A model for the natural and anthropogenic aerosols over the tropical Indian Ocean derived from INDOEX data,
J. Goephys. Res.,104, 27421-27440 (1999).

2000

Kato, S., G. L. Smith, and H. W. Barker, 2000: Gamma-weighted discrete ordinate two-stream approximation for computation of domain aeraged solar irradiance, J. Atmos. Sci., accepted for publication.

Kato, S., M. H. Bergin, T. P. Ackerman, T. P. Charlock, E. E. Clothiaux, R. A. Ferrare, R. N. Halthor e, N. Laulainen, G. G. Mace, J. Michalsky, and D. D. Turner, 2000: A comparison of the aerosol optica l thickness derived from ground-based and airborne measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 14701-14717 (2000).

Liljegren, J. C., E. E. Clothaux, G. G. Mace, S. Kato, and X. Dong, 2000: Retrieval of cloud liquid water path, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 14485 - 14500 (2000).

Loeb, N.G., 2000: "Albedo", Article in the Encyclopedia of Global Change, Oxford University Press.

Loeb, N.G., F. Parol, J.-C. Buriez, and C. Vanbauce, 2000: Top-of-atmosphere albedo estimation from angular distribution models using scene identification from satellite cloud property retrievals. J. Climate,13, 1269-1285 (2000). [PDF]

2001

Chambers, L. H., B. A. Wielicki, and N.G. Loeb, 2001: Shortwave flux from satellite-measured radiance: A theoretical study over marine boundary layer clouds, J. of Appl. Meteor., 40, 2144-2161 (2001). [PDF]

Haeffelin, M., S. Kato, A. Smith, K. Rutledge, T. P. Charlock, and J. R. Mahan, 2001: Determination of the thermal offset of the Eppley precision spectral pyranometer, Appl. Opt., 40, 472-484 (2001).

Loeb, N.G., K.J. Priestley, D.P. Kratz, E.B. Geier, R.N. Green, B.A. Wielicki, P. O'R. Hinton, and S.K. Nolan, 2001: Determination of unfiltered radiances from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 822-835 (2001). [PDF]

2002

Loeb, N.G. and S. Kato, 2002: Top-of-atmosphere direct radiative effect of aerosols from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Satellite instrument (CERES). J. Climate, 15, 1474-1484 (2002). [PDF]

Kato, S., and N.G. Loeb, 2002: Estimate of top-of-atmosphere albedo for a molecular atmosphere over ocean using Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) satellite instrument, J. Geophys. Res. (in press).

Kato, S., and N.G. Loeb, 2002: Twilight irradiance reflected by the Earth estimated from Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) measurements, J. Climate (in press).

Sun, W., N.G. Loeb, and Q. Fu, 2002: Finite-difference time domain solution of light scattering and absorption by particles in an absorbing medium, Appl. Opt. (accepted).

Haywood, J., P. Francis, S. Osborne, M. Glew, N.G. Loeb, E. Highwood, D. Tanré, G. Myhre, and P. Formenti, 2002: Radiative properties and direct radiative effect of Saharan dust measured by the C-130 aircraft during SHADE: 1. Solar spectrum, J. Geophys. Res. (in press).

Inamdar, A., V. Ramanathan, and N.G. Loeb, 2002: On observations of water vapor greenhouse effect in the window and non-window from CERES, J. Quart. Meteor. Soc. (in press).

Satheesh, S.K., V. Ramanathan, W.C. Conant, B.N. Holben, K.K. Moorthy, N.G. Loeb, H. Maring, J.A. Ogren, I.A. Podgorny, J.M. Prospero, and D. Savoie, 2002: Chemical, microphysical and radiative effects of Indian Ocean aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 107, AAC 20-1 - AAC 20-13 (2002).

2003

Loeb, N.G., K. Loukachine, N.M. Smith, B.A. Wielicki, and D.F. Young, 2003: Angular distribution models for top-of-atmosphere radiative flux estimation from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System instrument on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Satellite. Part II: Validation, in print J. Appl. Meteor. . [PDF]

Loukachine K., and N.G. Loeb, 2003: Application of an Artificial Neural Network Simulation for Top-of-Atmosphere Radiative Flux Estimation from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES), J. of Atm. and Oce. Tech. , 20, No. 12, 1749-1757 (2003). [PDF]

Kato, S., and N. G. Loeb, 2003: Twilight irradiance reflected by the earth estimated from Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) measurements, J. of Climate, 16, 2646-2650.

2004

K. Loukachine and N.G. Loeb : Top-of-Atmosphere Flux Retrievals from CERES Using Artificial Neural Networks. J. Remote Sensing of Environment , v. 93, No. 3, 381-390 (2004). [PDF]

Inamdar A.K., V. Ramanathan, and N.G. Loeb, 2004: Satellite observations of the water vapor greenhouse effect and column longwave cooling rates: Relative roles of the continuum and vibration-rotation to pure rotation bands, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D06104.

Smith G.L., B.A. Wielicki, B.R. Barkstrom, R.B. Lee, K.J. Priestley, T.P. Charlock, P. Minnis, D.P. Kratz, N. Loeb, D.F. Young, 2004: Clouds and Earth radiant energy system: an overview, Adv. Space Res., 33 (7), 1125-1131.

Wenbo Sun, Norman G. Loeb, and Seiji Kato, 2004: "Estimation of instantaneous TOA albedo at 670 nm over ice clouds from POLDER multidirectional measurements", J. Geophy. Res., 109, D0221010.1029/2003JD003801. [PDF]

Wenbo Sun, Norman G. Loeb, Gorden Videen, and Qiang Fu, 2004: "Examination of surface roughness on light scattering by long ice columns by use of a two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain algorithm", Appl. Opt., 43, 1957-1964. [PDF]

2005

Loeb, N.G., S. Kato, K. Loukachine, and N.M. Smith, 2005: Angular distribution models for top-of-atmosphere radiative flux estimation from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System instrument on the Terra Satellite. Part I: Methodology, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 22, 338-351. [PDF]

Diner D.J., B.H, Braswell, R. Davies, N. Gobron, J.N. Hu, Y.F. Jin, R.A. Kahn, Y. Knyazikhin, N. Loeb, J.P. Muller JP, A.W. Nolin, B. Pinty, C.B. Schaaf, G. Seiz, J. Stroeve, 2005: The value of multiangle measurements for retrieving structurally and radiatively consistent properties of clouds, aerosols, and surfaces, Rem. Sens. Environ., 97 (4): 495-518.

Ignatov A., P. Minnis, N. Loeb, B. Wielicki, W. Miller, S. Sun-Mack, D. Tanre, L. Remer, I. Laszlo, E. Geier, 2005: Two MODIS aerosol products over ocean on the Terra and Aqua CERES SSF datasets, J. Atmos. Sci, 62, 1008-1031.

Kato, S., and N. G. Loeb, 2005: Top-of-atmosphere shortwave broadband observed radiance and estimated irradiance over polar regions from Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments on Terra, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D7, D07202 10.1029/2004JD005308.

Loeb, N.G., and N. Manalo-Smith, 2005: Top-of-atmosphere direct radiative effect of aerosols over global oceans from merged CERES and MODIS observations, J. Climate, 18, 3506-3526.

Myhre G., F. Stordal, M. Johnsrud, D.J. Diner, I.V. Geogdzhayev, J.M. Haywood, B.N. Holben, T. Holzer-Popp, A. Ignatov, R.A. Kahn, Y.J. Kaufman, N. Loeb, J.V. Martonchik, M.I. Mishchenko, N.R. Nalli, L.A. Remer, M. Schroedter-Homscheidt, D. Tanre, O. Torres, M. Wang, 2005: Intercomparison of satellite retrieved aerosol optical depth over ocean during the period September 1997 to December 2000, Atmos. Chem. and Physics, 5, 1697-1719.

Zhang M.H., W.Y. Lin, S.A. Klein, J.T. Bacmeister, S. Bony, R.T. Cederwall, A.D. Del Genio, J.J. Hack, N.G. Loeb, U. Lohmann, P. Minnis, I. Musat, R. Pincus, P. Stier, M.J. Suarez, M.J. Webb, J.B. Wu, S.C. Xie, M.S. Yao, J.H. Zhang, 2005: Comparing clouds and their seasonal variations in 10 atmospheric general circulation models with satellite measurements. J. Geopys. Res., 110 (D15), D15S02.

2006

Loeb, N.G., W. Sun, W.F. Miller, K. Loukachine, and R. Davies, 2006: Fusion of CERES, MISR and MODIS measurements for top-of-atmosphere radiative flux validation, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D18209, doi:10.1029/2006JD007146.

Bender F.A.M., H. Rodhe, R.J. Charlson, A.M.L. Ekman, and N. Loeb, 2006: 22 views of the global albedo - comparison between 20 GCMs and two satellites, Tellus, 58 (3): 320-330.

Kato, S., N. G. Loeb, P. Minnis, J. A. Francis, T. P. Charlock, D. A. Rutan, E.E. Clothiaux, S. Sun-Mack, 2006: Seasonal and Interannual Variations of Top-of-Atmosphere Irradiance and Cloud Cover over Polar Regions Derived from the CERES Data Set, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L19804, doi:10.1029/2006GL026685.

Kato, S., L. M. Hinkelman, and A. Cheng, 2005: Estimate of satellite-derived cloud optical thickness and effective radius errors and their effect on computed domain-averaged irradiances, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D17, D17201, 10.1029/2005JD006668.

Lee, Y.K., P. Yang, Y.X. Hu, B.A. Baum, N.G. Loeb, and B.C. Gao, 2006: Potential nighttime contamination of CERES clear-sky fields of view by optically thin cirrus during the CRYSTAL-FACE campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 111 (D9), D09203.

Yu H., Y.J. Kaufman, M. Chin, G. Feingold, L.A. Remer, T.L, Anderson, Y. Balkanski, N. Bellouin, O. Boucher, S. Christopher, P. DeCola, R. Kahn, D. Koch, N. Loeb, M.S. Reddy, M. Schulz, T. Takemura, M. Zhou, 2006: A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing, Atmos. Chem. and Physics, 6, 613-666.

Wenbo Sun, Norman G. Loeb, and Ping Yang, 2006: "On remote sensing of ice cloud particle shapes: A look from POLDER polarized measurements", J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 101, 435-447. [PDF]

W. Sun, N.G. Loeb, R. Davies, K. Loukachine, W.R., Miller, 2006: Comparison of MISR and CERES Top-of-Atmosphere Albedo, Geo. Research Letters, 33, L23810, doi:10.1029/2006GL027958. [PDF]

2007

Loeb, N.G., S. Kato, K. Loukachine, and N, Manalo-Smith 2007, Angular distribution models for top-of-atmosphere radiative flux estimation from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System instrument on the Terra satellite. Part II: Validation, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., v. 24, 564-584, DOI: 10.1175/JTECH1983.1

Loeb, N.G., B.A. Wielicki, W. Su, K. Loukachine, W. Sun, T. Wong, K.J. Priestley, G. Matthews, W.F. Miller, and R. Davies, 2007: Multi-instrument comparison of top- of-atmosphere re-flected solar radiation, J. Climate, v. 20, No. 3, 575-591.

Loeb, N. G., B. A. Wielicki, F. G. Rose, and D. R. Doelling (2007), Variability in global top-of-atmosphere shortwave radiation between 2000 and 2005, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L03704, doi:10.1029/2006GL028196.